• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a concrete which has been specially designed for the manufacture of containers for storing and / or storing radioactive waste and which combines the properties of being high performance, self-compacting, sustainable secular, ductile, low shrinkage, confining to radionuclides and fire-resistant. This concrete is obtained from a formulation comprising: (1) a cement selected from CEM I, CEM II, CEM III and CEM V cements; limestone sand; a limestone grit of size greater than or equal to 16 mm; at least one limestone or siliceous addition; metal fibers at least 30 mm long; organic fibers; at least one concrete admixture; and water ; and wherein: (1) the ratio of the length of the metal fibers to the upper dimension of the gravel is at least 2.5; and (2) the effective water / binder ratio is at most 0.35. The invention thus also relates to the use of said concrete in the manufacture of a container for storage and / or storage of hazardous materials and, in particular, radioactive waste and such a container.
    公开号:FR3033325A1
    申请号:FR1551880
    申请日:2015-03-05
    公开日:2016-09-09
    发明作者:Francois Pineau；Thomas Sahm；Sylvain Dehault
    申请人:Centre D'etudes Et De Rech De L'industrie Du Beton；Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Dechets Radioactifs ANDRA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to the field of the formulation of concretes with specific uses. More particularly, the invention relates to a concrete which has been specially designed for the manufacture of containers for storing and / or storing radioactive waste and which combines the properties of being high performance in the sense of the NF EN standard. 206-1, self-consolidating, secularly durable, ductile, low shrinkage, radionuclide-confined and fire-resistant. This concrete finds, in the first place, application in the manufacture of containers devoted to the storage and / or the storage of radioactive waste but, by its properties, it can also be used to manufacture containers intended to store and / or store other types of hazardous materials such as chemicals. The invention therefore also relates to the use of said concrete in the manufacture of a storage container and / or storage of hazardous materials and, in particular, radioactive waste. It also relates to a container for storage and / or storage of hazardous materials and, in particular, radioactive waste. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART In view of the storage and / or long-term storage of radioactive waste in concrete containers, it would be desirable to have a concrete that meets the following requirements: 3033325 2 high performance in the sense of standard NF EN 206-1, which implies that it has a compressive strength at 28 days, as determined in accordance with standard NF EN 12390-3, between 60 and 100 MPa; - Being self-consolidating in the fresh state, that is to say being able to flow 5 and compact by gravitational effect alone and completely fill a formwork, including armed, while maintaining its homogeneity, allowing to avoid the use of a vibration system to fill this formwork; have a secular sustainability, that is to say, be able to maintain its structural and functional integrity over a period of at least a century and, even better, over a period of 120 to 150 years, in particular being able to resist chemical attack, both internal and external; to be ductile, that is to say to be able to deform plastically without breaking; have a low shrinkage, that is to say a shrinkage which, as determined in accordance with standard NF P 18-427, is ideally less than 300 u.rn / m over a period of 90 days, in storage conditions of 65 ± 5% relative humidity and 20 ± 2% temperature; have long-term radionuclide containment capacity; and to be fire resistant according to the ISO 834 curve. However, to date, concretes which have been developed specifically for the storage of radioactive materials such as, for example, those described in the French patent applications No. 2,673,223 and No. 2,763,584, hereinafter references [1] and [2], do not meet all these requirements.
    [0002] There are also known a number of high performance concretes for the realization of elements of structures and structures. In particular, French Patent Application No. 2,896,796, hereinafter reference [3], describes a high-performance concrete for the manufacture or protection of structural elements that may be exposed to very high temperatures. such as those generated by a fire and, in particular, segments and elements of road or rail tunnels. This concrete is obtained from a formulation comprising a binder composed of a cement with a high silica content (called HTS cement) and silica fumes, a mixture of bauxite sand, short metal fibers, polypropylene, a water-reducing superplasticizer and water. Although it is true that reference [3] envisages that the concrete it proposes could also be used for the construction of radioactive waste containers, it should be noted that this application only concerns a bilayer structure in which a layer of this concrete would serve to protect, against the effects of very high temperatures, an underlying layer in a conventional reinforced concrete or fiber concrete. As a result, reference [3] is completely silent on a number of concrete behaviors, particularly with regard to the self-sealing nature, durability and containment ability of radionuclides.
    [0003] The inventors have therefore set themselves the goal of developing a concrete for the manufacture of containers for the storage and / or long-term storage of radioactive materials which combines all the properties required for the manufacture of this type of container and some of which are technically antagonistic. More specifically, they have set themselves the goal of developing a concrete which exhibits both the mechanical properties required to enter the BHP category, the rheological properties (self-sealing character) and the properties of secular durability, ductility, low removal, containment of radionuclides and fire resistance previously mentioned. They further set out that the cost price of this concrete is compatible with use in the industrial scale manufacture of radioactive material storage containers.
    [0004] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION These and other objects are achieved by the present invention which proposes, in the first place, a concrete which is characterized in that it is obtained from a formulation comprising: a cement selected from CEM I, CEM II, CEM III and CEM V cements; limestone sand; a limestone grit having a larger dimension D at most equal to 16 mm; at least one limestone or siliceous addition having an upper dimension D at most equal to 0.2 mm; metal fibers having a length L at least equal to 30 mm and a slenderness factor, that is to say a length / diameter ratio (L / 0), of at least 60; organic fibers having a length L of at least 6 mm and an L / 0 slenderness factor of at least 330; at least one concrete admixture; and water ; and wherein: (1) the ratio of the length L of the metal fibers to the upper dimension D of the gravel is at least 2.5; and (2) the effective water / binder (Eeffica ce / Binder) ratio is at most 0.35. In what precedes and what follows, is meant by: "cement CEM I", a cement which, in accordance with standard NF EN 197-1 relating to common cements, comprises at least 95% by weight of a clinker and at most 5% secondary constituents; "CEM II cement" means a cement which, in accordance with said standard NF EN 197-1, comprises from 65% to 94% by weight of clinker, at most 35% by weight of a component selected from blast-furnace slags , silica fumes, pozzolans, fly ash, calcined shale and limestone, and not more than 5% by weight of secondary constituents; - by "cement CEM III", a cement which, in accordance with said standard NF EN 197-1, comprises from 5% to 64% by weight of a clinker, from 36% to 95% by weight of a high-grade slag; furnace and not more than 5% by weight of secondary constituents; and "CEM V cement", a cement which, in accordance with said NF EN 197-1 standard, comprises from 20% to 64% by weight of a clinker, from 18% to 50% by weight of a blast furnace slag , from 18% to 50% by mass of fly ash and at most 5% by weight of secondary constituents. The terms "sand" and "chippings" must be taken in their usual acceptance in the field of concretes (see in particular the standard NF EN 12620 10 relating to aggregates for concrete), namely that: a sand is a granulate whose size upper D is at most equal to 4 mm; while a gravel is a granulate whose lower dimension d is at least 2 mm and whose upper dimension D is at least 4 mm, it being understood that, in the context of the present invention, the upper dimension D grit (s) is at most equal to 16 mm. Furthermore, "limestone or siliceous addition" means a material as defined in standards NF P 18-508 and NF P 18-509, respectively relating to limestone additions and siliceous additions, that is to say a material having at least 85% passing at 1.25 mm and at least 70% passing at 0.063 mm, it being understood that, in the context of the present invention, the greater dimension D of the addition ( s) limestone (es) or siliceous (s) is not more than 0.2 mm. For metal fibers and organic fibers, the term "diameter", denoted 0, also means the equivalent diameter when these fibers do not have a circular section. As previously indicated, the formulation comprises, firstly, a CEM I, CEM II, CEM III or CEM cement. This cement is advantageously a qualified PM-ES cement, that is to say it meets the NF P 15-317 standard for cements for marine works (PM) and the NF P 15-319 standard for cements for work in water with a high content of 3033325 6 sulfates (ES) and presents, therefore , a limited content of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) to confer concrete increased resistance to chemical attack related to the environment and, as a result, higher durability. It is, moreover, preferably a cement CEM V because this type of cement, also known as "pozzolanic cement", is particularly suitable for producing concretes with high durability. Furthermore, it is preferred that the cement be a CEM VIA cement, that is to say a CEM V cement with a clinker mass content of between 40% and 64%, with a blast furnace slag content of between 18%. and 30% and mass content of fly ash of between 18% and 30%, and more so a CEM V / A cement qualified PM-ES. Such cement is, for example, one of the CEM V / A (SV) 42.5 N CE PM-ES-CP1 NF cements produced by Ciments CALCIA (Airvault and Rombas plants) and by the company LAFARGE (factory of Sète).
    [0005] However, it is also possible to use a CEM I, CEM II or CEM III cement in place of a CEM V cement. In the case of a CEM I cement, the latter will advantageously be supplemented with at least pozzolanic material (i.e., a material which, when in finely divided form, exhibits an ability to combine with lime (Ca (OH) 2) in the presence of water and at room temperature in order to form hydrates, this pozzolanic material preferably being chosen from blast-furnace slags, fly ash and silica fumes, silica fumes being very particularly preferred The formulation also comprises a calcareous sand and a grit limestone.
    [0006] This calcareous sand is preferably 0/4 mm (d = 0, D = 4 mm) calcareous sand with a mass content in fines (that is to say particles passing through a sieve of 0.063 mm) at most. equal to 7%, advantageously washed. Such sand is, for example, available from CARRIÈRES DU BOULONNAIS.
    [0007] The calcareous gravel is, for its part, preferably a 4/12 mm limestone grit (d = 4 mm, D = 12 mm), advantageously washed, such as that available from the company CARRIÈRES DU BOULONNAIS. The formulation also comprises at least one calcareous or siliceous addition whose role is, on the one hand, to increase the compactness of the concrete and, thereby, to make it more impervious to the penetration of external aggressive agents and, therefore, , more durable, and, on the other hand, to increase the proportion of concrete paste and, thereby, contribute to give the concrete a self-compacting character. In addition, the use of one or more addition (s) limestone (s) or siliceous (s) reduces the proportion of cement in the formulation with the key, a reduction in the cost of concrete and a reduction of its exothermy and, therefore, of the risk of being formed in this concrete of thermal origin cracks. Preferably, the addition (s) is (are) calcareous in nature. Also preferably, the formulation comprises two calcareous additions of different particle sizes: a first calcareous addition of very small particle size, typically between 1 and 10 μm, playing both the role of filler (that is to say a function filling) and deflocculating agent, and a second calcareous addition, of greater particle size, typically between 1 and 100 i_trn, playing only the role of filler. These two calcareous additions are, for example, those produced by OMYA under the trade names BetoflowTM D-CL and BetocarbTM HP. The formulation further comprises metal fibers, which have the characteristic of measuring at least 30 mm long - knowing that this length must be at least 2.5 times the upper dimension D of the gravel - with a slenderness factor at least 60 and, more preferably, of the order of 80, and whose role is to confer on the concrete the ductility and confinement properties of the desired radionuclides. Preferably, these metal fibers do not measure more than 60 mm long. These metal fibers may be fibers of steel, amorphous cast iron or stainless steel. However, it is preferred to use steel fibers because they have a very good compatibility with the concrete paste.
    [0008] Furthermore, although these metal fibers may have all kinds of shapes and may be flat fibers, round fibers (ie of circular section) or semi-angular fibers (that is to say of circular cross section). that is of semicircular section), straight fibers such as corrugated, notched, bumpy, hooked fibers, etc., it is preferred to use metal fibers of circular, hooked or corrugated section and, more preferably, with hooks, this type of fiber being particularly effective in giving the concrete a ductile character. Metal fibers which have a length and a slenderness factor as previously defined, which are, moreover, of steel, of circular and hook section, and which can be used when the pea gravel is a 4/12 pellet, are, for example, the fibers produced by BEKAERT under the name Dramix TM RC 80/30 BP, which are 30 mm long and 0.38 mm in diameter (ie a slenderness factor of 79). The formulation also comprises organic fibers, which have the characteristics of measuring at least 6 mm in length and having a slenderness factor of at least 330, and whose role is to increase the fire resistance of concrete. . Preferably, these fibers do not measure more than 20 mm long. The organic fibers may be chosen in particular from polyamide fibers (nylon), aramid fibers, Kevlar fibers, acrylic fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyacrylamide fibers, polyamide fibers and polyvinyl alcohol, and mixtures of such fibers. However, it is preferred to use polypropylene fibers because this type of fiber improves particularly the fire resistance of concretes with high compactness and also for reasons of less risk vis-à-vis the effects of radiation. Furthermore, it is preferred to use polypropylene monofilament fibers for better dispersion and homogenization of the fibers in the concrete. Organic fibers which have a length and a slenderness factor as previously defined and which are, in addition, polypropylene monofilament fibers are, for example, the fibers produced by GRACE under the name GRACE. MicrofiberTM 12 mm, which measure from 12.5 mm to 13.2 mm long and 18 i_tm in diameter (ie a slenderness factor of 694 to 733). The formulation further comprises one or more concrete admixtures, which are capable of adjusting the properties of the concrete in the fresh state (rheological properties, setting times, curing time, etc.) and / or in the cured state (durability). for example). Thus, this (these) adjuvant (s) may (in particular) be chosen from water-reducing plasticizers, high water-reducing superplasticizers, setting time modifiers, hardening time modifiers. , water repellents and additives that combine several properties such as high water-reducing / setting retarder superplasticizers. In particular, the formulation advantageously comprises a high water-reducing superplasticizer such as those produced by BASF under the name MasterGlenium ™ SKY. The formulation further comprises water in an amount such that the Eefficace / Lia nt ratio is at most 0.35. In this respect, it is specified that, in the context of the invention, this ratio is calculated according to standard NF EN 206-1.
    [0009] Thus, the effective water is equal to the total amount of water contained in the formulation (i.e., the mixing water + the water likely to be present in the other components of the formulation) less the quantity of water adsorbed by aggregates (ie sand and gravel), these quantities being expressed in kg / m3 of concrete, while the binder is equal to the sum of the quantities, also expressed in 25 kg / m3 of concrete, cement, pozzolanic material (s) likely to have been added to this cement and addition (s) limestone (es) or siliceous (s). In a preferred embodiment of the concrete, the formulation comprises: a CEM V / A cement qualified PM-ES, a 0/4 mm calcareous sand, comprising at most 7% by weight of fines, a 4/12 mm limestone grit a first calcareous addition having a particle size of between 5 μm and 10 μm, a second calcareous addition of particle size between 1 μm and 100 μm, steel fibers of circular and hooked section, measuring 30 mm in length, and 0.38 mm in diameter, polypropylene monofilament fibers measuring from 12.5 mm to 13.2 mm in length and 18 μm in diameter, a superplasticizer high water reducer, and water. Moreover, it is preferred that the formulation comprises, for 1 m3 of concrete: 20,390 kg of said cement, of said cement of 1015 kg ± 2% of said calcareous sand, 584 kg ± 2% of said limestone grit, 165 kg ± 2% of said first limestone addition, 50 kg ± 2% of said second limestone addition, 60 kg ± 1% of said steel fibers, 1 kg ± 1% of said polypropylene fibers, 2.85% ± 0.5% by mass referred to the mass superplasticizer, and 25 - 190 ± 8 liters of effective water. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the concrete, the formulation is as described in point I of the "DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PARTICULAR EMBODIMENT" below.
    [0010] According to the invention, the concrete is obtained from the formulation, preferably as follows: in a concrete mixing plant equipped with a kneader, is introduced successively and in the following order, while kneading : calcareous sand, limestone and organic fibers; Cement and calcareous or siliceous addition (s); 3/4 of the mixing water and 3/4 of the adjuvant (s); metal fibers; and the residual amounts of the mixing water and the admixture (s), the kneading being maintained until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.
    [0011] The mixing times are adjusted according to the type of mixer used and its power. This results in a self-compacting fresh concrete with a useful life of approximately one hour (DPU). After hardening, this concrete not only has the mechanical characteristics of a high-performance concrete, but combines the properties of durability, ductility, low shrinkage, radionuclide confinement and fire resistance that make it ideally suited for use. the manufacture of containers for storing and / or storing radioactive waste or any other hazardous material such as toxic chemicals.
    [0012] Also, the invention also relates to the use of a concrete as previously defined for the manufacture of a container for storing and / or storing hazardous materials and, in particular, waste radioactive. The invention further relates to a container for storing and / or storing hazardous materials and, in particular, radioactive waste, which comprises a body delimited by a wall and provided with a bottom, the body comprising at least a housing for a drum for containing the hazardous materials, and a lid for closing the container, and wherein the body, the bottom and the lid are of a concrete reinforced with metal fibers, and which is characterized in that the concrete is a concrete as previously defined.
    [0013] According to the invention, the concrete constituting the body, the bottom and the lid of the container may be armed or unreinforced, that is to say that the body, the bottom and the lid of the container may be provided with or not a metal frame. Preferably, this container is a container for storing and / or storing radioactive waste, in which case it is advantageously a container for accommodating long-lived intermediate-level waste (LLMA). Other features and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the additional description which follows, which relates to an example of preparation of a concrete according to the invention as well as the properties of this concrete in the state 10 and in the cured state, which is given with reference to the appended figures. Of course, this additional description is only given as an illustration of the subject of the invention and does not constitute a limitation of this object. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 is a graph which illustrates the evolution, over a period of 90 days, of the compressive strength of a concrete according to the invention, as determined on rolls of 11 × 22 cm, according to standard NF EN 12390-3. FIG. 2 is a graph which illustrates the evolution, over a period of 90 days, of the total shrinkage of a concrete according to the invention, as determined according to standard NF P 18-427. FIG. 3 is a graph which illustrates the bending behavior of a concrete according to the invention as determined by 4-point flexural tests at 28 days, in accordance with standard NF P 18-409; on this graph, the curves A, B and C correspond to the results obtained for three different test pieces.
    [0014] FIG. 4 illustrates the heat conducting curves of the furnace in which fire resistance tests according to ISO 834 have been carried out on two concrete slabs, the curve A corresponding to a slab made of a concrete according to the invention and the curve B corresponding to a slab of a concrete free of organic fibers; is also represented in this figure the normalized curve ISO 834 (curve C).
    [0015] FIGS. 5A and 5B are photographs of two concrete slabs taken after exposure of these slabs to an ISO 834 light; Figure 5A corresponds to a slab of a concrete according to the invention while Figure 5B corresponds to a slab of a concrete free of organic fibers.
    [0016] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PARTICULAR EMBODIMENT I - Preparation of a Concrete According to the Invention A concrete according to the invention is prepared from the formulation indicated in the table below. In this table, the amounts of the various constituents of this formulation are expressed in the number of kg required to produce 1 m3 of fresh concrete except for the adjuvant whose quantity is expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the mass of cement.
    [0017] Table Constituents Quantities EMC Cement V 390 (CEM V / A (SV) 42.5 N CE PM-ES-CP1 NF "PFM3", Cements CALCIA) Washed washed sand 0/4 mm at 7% by weight of fines 1015 ( CAREERS OF BOLONNAIS) Washed limestone 4/12 mm 584 (CAREERS OF BOLONNAIS) Addition limestone 1 165 (BetoflowTM D-CL, OMYA) Addition calcareous 2 50 (BetocarbTM HP, OMYA) Fibers of steel of circular section and with hooks: 60 L = 30 mm, 0 = 0.38 mm (DramixTM RC 80/30 BP, BEKAERT) Polypropylene monofilament fibers: 1.0 L = 12.5 - 13.2 mm, 0 = 18 i_tm (GRACE) Superplasticizer high Water Reducer (MasterGlenium ™ SKY 537, BASF) 2.85 Effective Water 190 (Efficient / Binder ratio 0.31) Concrete is prepared as follows. In a concrete mixing plant equipped with a KNIELE conical mixer, with a maximum capacity of 300 liters, the following order is introduced successively and in the following order: calcareous sand, calcareous grit and polypropylene fibers; the cement and the two calcareous additions; 3/4 of the mixing water and 3/4 of the adjuvant; 10 steel fibers; and the residual amounts of the mixing water and the adjuvant.
    [0018] II - Properties of the concrete according to the invention in the fresh state: In the fresh state, the concrete according to the invention has: a bulk density of 2383 kg / m 3, an air content, as determined according to standard NF EN 5 12350-7, of 2.3%, a practical duration of use (DPU) of one hour, and spreading values at the cone of Abrams, as determined according to standard NF EN 12350 -8, which are 710 mm, 690 mm and 660 mm at to, t3omin and t6Omin respectively.
    [0019] These spreading values are in line with those required for self-compacting concrete. III - Properties of the Concrete According to the Invention in the Cured State: III.1- Resistance to Compression: The compressive strength of the concrete according to the invention was measured at 7 days, at 28 days and at 90 days, by tests that were carried out on cylindrical test pieces of 11 x 22 cm, in accordance with standard NF EN 12390-3. The results of these measurements are illustrated in FIG. 1 in which the ordinate axis corresponds to the values of compressive strength, expressed in MPa, while the abscissa axis corresponds to time, expressed in days.
    [0020] As shown in this figure, the compressive strength of the concrete is 50.1 MPa at 7 days, 75.7 MPa at 28 days and 90.8 MPa at 90 days. It therefore meets the definition of high performance concrete. 111.2 - Total Withdrawal: The total shrinkage (which corresponds to the sum of the endogenous, thermal and desiccant withdrawals) of the concrete according to the invention was followed over a period of 90 days, under conditions of relative humidity of 65 ± 5% and temperature of 20 ± 2 ° C, by tests that were performed on prismatic specimens of 7 x 7 x 28 cm, in accordance with NF P 18-427.
    [0021] The results of these tests are illustrated in FIG. 2 in which the ordinate axis corresponds to the values of the total shrinkage, expressed in Arnim, while the abscissa axis corresponds to the time, expressed in days. As shown in this figure, the concrete is characterized by a low overall shrinkage since it is only 257 Arnim at 28 days and 281 Arnim at 90 days. 111.3 - Ductility: The flexural strength of the concrete according to the invention was assessed by 28-day 4-point flexural tests which were carried out on 10 x 10 x 40 cm prismatic specimens, in accordance with the standard NF P 18-409.
    [0022] The results of these tests are illustrated in FIG. 3 in which the ordinate axis corresponds to the values of the resulting bending stress, expressed in MPa, while the abscissa corresponds to the values of the arrow, expressed in mm. . Curves A, B and C represent the results obtained for three different test pieces.
    [0023] This figure shows that the concrete according to the invention has a ductile behavior, with a strong load recovery after the appearance of the first crack. The resistance to cracking, which corresponds to the appearance of the first crack, is 8.2 MPa for specimen A, 8.8 MPa for specimen B and 9.5 MPa for specimen C, an average of 8.8 MPa.
    [0024] The maximum force recovery, which corresponds to the maximum load that the concrete can withstand before progressively losing its mechanical flexural properties, is 12.1 MPa for the specimen A, 11.1 MPa for the specimen B and 11.2 MPa for sample C, an average of 11.5 MPa. 111.4 - Resistance to fire: The fire resistance of the concrete according to the invention was assessed by subjecting a slab D1 of this concrete, measuring 1 m long, 1 m wide and 20 cm thick, to an ISO light. 834 in a furnace and was compared to that of a slab D2, of the same dimensions, a concrete differing from the concrete according to the invention by the presence of two different types of metal fibers (steel fibers with hooks 3033325 17 DramixTM RC 80/30 BP + straight and short steel fibers DramixTM OL 13 / .20) and, above all, by the absence of polypropylene fibers. The furnace thermal operating curves (that is, the temperature-time curves as determined in these tests by means of plate pyrometers positioned on the plates D1 and D2) are illustrated in FIG. curve A corresponds to slab D1, while curve B corresponds to slab D2. Curve C corresponds to standard curve ISO 834. The state of slabs D1 and D2 after exposure to fire ISO 834 is illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, FIG. 5A corresponding to slab D1 and corresponding FIG. 5B 10 to the slab D2. As shown in these figures, the surface of slab D1 having been exposed to ISO 834 is almost intact, which is not the case for slab D2 whose surface exposed to ISO 834 shows numerous signs of deterioration. . On the other hand, the measurement of the flaking depth of the slabs D1 and D2 showed that the flaking depth is 5.25 cm for the slab D2 whereas it is only 1.35 cm. for slab D1, corresponding to the concrete according to the invention. 111.5 - Durability and confinement capacity of radionuclides: The durability of the concrete according to the invention and its ability to confine radionuclides was assessed on the basis of two different indicators: firstly, the diffusion coefficient of the chloride ions in this concrete at 28 days; and on the other hand, the gas permeability of this concrete at 28 days. The diffusion coefficient of the chloride ions was determined by measuring the migration of the chloride ions under an electric field according to the procedure defined in Appendix 1 of the Recommendations of the Central Laboratory of the Roads and Bridges (LCPC), while the second has was determined by tests that were carried out in accordance with the procedure recommended by the AFPC-AFREM (now "Association Française de Génie Civil" or AFGC).
    [0025] These tests have shown that the concrete according to the invention has a chloride ion diffusion coefficient at 28 days of 8.3 × 10-13 m 2 / s and a gas permeability at 28 days of 7.9 × 10 -17 m 2. In view of the threshold values recommended for the diffusion coefficient of the chloride ions in Fascicule 65 of the Cahier des Clauses Généraux (CCTG) and the threshold values recommended for gas permeability by the AFGC guide of 2004, the results obtained for these indicators for the concrete according to the invention are quite satisfactory. REFERENCES CITED 10 [1] FR-A-2 673 223 [2] FR-A-2 763 584 [3] FR-A-2 896 796
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Concrete, characterized in that it is obtained from a formulation comprising: a cement chosen from CEM I, CEM II, CEM III and CEM V cements; - calcareous sand; a limestone grit having a dimension greater than or equal to 16 mm; at least one limestone or siliceous addition having a dimension greater than or equal to 0.2 mm; metal fibers having a length of at least 30 mm and a slenderness factor of at least 60; organic fibers having a length of at least 6 mm and a slenderness factor of at least 330; at least one concrete admixture; and water ; and wherein: (1) the ratio of the length of the metal fibers to the upper dimension of the gravel is at least 2.5; and (2) the effective water / binder ratio is at most 0.35.
    [0002]
    2. Concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that the cement is a qualified cement PM-ES.
    [0003]
    3. Concrete according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the cement is a CEM V cement, preferably a CEM V / A cement. 25
    [0004]
    4. Concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the calcareous sand is a calcareous sand, of smaller dimension equal to 0 and greater dimension equal to 4 mm, and comprising at most 7% by weight of fines . 3033325 20
    [0005]
    5. Concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the limestone grit is a limestone grit, of smaller dimension equal to 4 mm and greater dimension equal to 12 mm. 5
    [0006]
    6. Concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the formulation comprises a first limestone addition having a particle size of between 1 μm and 10 μm, and a second calcareous addition of particle size between 1 μm and 100 μm. 10
    [0007]
    7. Concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the metal fibers are steel fibers of circular section and hooks.
    [0008]
    8. Concrete according to claim 7, characterized in that the steel fibers, of circular section and with hooks, are 30 mm long and 0.38 mm in diameter.
    [0009]
    9. Concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the organic fibers are polypropylene fibers, preferably monofilament fibers. 20
    [0010]
    10. Concrete according to claim 9, characterized in that the polypropylene fibers measure from 12.5 mm to 13.2 mm long and 18 μm in diameter.
    [0011]
    11. Concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the formulation comprises a high superplasticizer water reducer.
    [0012]
    12. Concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the formulation comprises: a CEM WA cement qualified PM-ES, 3033325 21 a sand 0/4 mm limestone, comprising at most 7% by weight of fines, a 4/12 mm limestone grit, a first calcareous addition of particle size between 5 μm and 10 μm, a second calcareous addition of particle size between 1 μm and 100 μm, steel fibers of circular and hooked section , measuring mm in length and 0.38 mm in diameter, polypropylene monofilament fibers measuring from 12.5 mm to 13.2 mm in diameter and 18 μm in diameter, a high water-reducing superplasticizer, and 'water. 15
    [0013]
    13. Concrete according to claim 12, characterized in that the formulation comprises: 390 kg of the cement, 1015 kg ± 2% of the calcareous sand, 584 kg ± 2% of the limestone grit, 165 kg ± 2% of the first limestone addition , 50 kg ± 2% of the second limestone addition, 60 kg ± 1% of the steel fibers, 1 kg ± 1% of the polypropylene fibers, 2.85% ± 0.5% by mass referred to the cement mass of the Superplasticizer, and - 190 ± 8 liters of effective water. 3033325 22
    [0014]
    14. Use of a concrete as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, for the manufacture of a container for storing and / or storage of hazardous materials. 5
    [0015]
    15. Container for storing and / or storing hazardous materials, which comprises a body delimited by a wall and provided with a bottom, the body comprising at least one housing for a drum intended to contain the hazardous materials, and a cover for closing the container, and wherein the body, the bottom and the lid are made of metal fiber reinforced concrete, characterized in that the concrete is a concrete as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.
    [0016]
    16. Use according to claim 14 or container according to claim 15, characterized in that the hazardous materials are radioactive waste. 15
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3033325B1|2017-04-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3526455A1|1985-07-24|1987-01-29|Hochtemperatur Reaktorbau Gmbh|Thermally resistant concrete |
    EP0248693A1|1986-05-07|1987-12-09|Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires |Impermeable concrete composition having a high durability|
    FR2703677A1|1993-04-07|1994-10-14|Bocahut Ets|Granular material intended for the manufacture of quality concretes and concrete manufactured from such a granular material|
    EP0934915A1|1998-02-06|1999-08-11|Entreprise Quillery & Cie|Self-leveling, very high performance concrete, process for its preparation and its utilisation|
    WO2002018291A1|2000-09-01|2002-03-07|Lafarge|Highly resistant and ductile fibre concrete|
    FR2850965A1|2003-02-06|2004-08-13|Bouygues Travaux Publics|Hardenable cement composition incorporating some heavy granular elements, for making anti-radiation screens and radio-active waste containers|
    WO2005077857A2|2004-02-13|2005-08-25|Eiffage Tp|Ultra-high-performance, self-compacting concrete, preparation method thereof and use of same|
    FR2896796A1|2006-01-31|2007-08-03|Eiffage Tp Sa|Utilization of fibre added high performance concrete for the fabrication or protection of structural elements resistant to extreme temperature conditions|
    EP2492254A1|2009-10-20|2012-08-29|Universitat Politécnica De Catalunya|Ultra-high-strength concrete reinforced with steel fibres|CN107564597A|2017-08-24|2018-01-09|海南大学|A kind of high-level waste geology treatment padded coaming and its processing method|
    FR3059319A1|2016-11-25|2018-06-01|Vicat|COMPOSITIONS, INTERMEDIATES AND METHODS FOR MAKING MORTARS AND CONCRETES, PRODUCTS OBTAINED AND USES THEREOF|
    WO2019215139A1|2018-05-09|2019-11-14|Baustoffe Schollberg Ag|Ultra-high performance concrete|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1551880A|FR3033325B1|2015-03-05|2015-03-05|HIGH-PERFORMANCE, SELF-MAKING AND HIGH-DURABILITY CONCRETE, PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STORAGE CONTAINERS AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE CONTAINERS|FR1551880A| FR3033325B1|2015-03-05|2015-03-05|HIGH-PERFORMANCE, SELF-MAKING AND HIGH-DURABILITY CONCRETE, PARTICULARLY USEFUL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STORAGE CONTAINERS AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE CONTAINERS|
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